Opinion | Victimization of Social Workers and Political Activists in Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan

The aim is to create a climate of fear that stifles activism and discourages others from speaking out.

In Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (POK) and Gilgit-Baltistan, social workers and political activists are increasingly facing severe victimization, a troubling trend that threatens their safety and undermines efforts for social change and political reform. This pattern of repression is not only a grave injustice to those directly affected but also a significant impediment to the advancement of human rights and democratic governance in these regions. Both POK and Gilgit-Baltistan are regions marked by geopolitical complexity and internal strife. POK, which includes Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit-Baltistan, has been under Pakistani administration since the conflict over Kashmir began in 1947. Despite promises of autonomy and self-governance, these regions have experienced persistent political and administrative constraints, with little room for dissenting voices. In this context, social workers and political activists have emerged as key figures advocating for human rights, social justice, and political reform. However, their efforts are often met with severe resistance from authorities who view their activism as a threat to the established order.
The victimization of social workers and political activists in POK and Gilgit-Baltistan manifests in various ways, including harassment, arbitrary detention, and violent attacks. These tactics are employed to silence dissent and discourage advocacy for political and social change. Many activists report persistent harassment and intimidation by government officials and security forces. This can include regular surveillance, intrusive questioning, and threats of violence. The aim is to create a climate of fear that stifles activism and discourages others from speaking out. Social workers who engage in issues such as women’s rights, minority rights, or environmental protection are particularly vulnerable, as their work often challenges entrenched interests and social norms. Arbitrary detention is another tool used to suppress activism. Individuals are often detained without formal charges or legal proceedings, leading to prolonged periods of imprisonment without trial. This not only disrupts the lives of the activists but also sends a chilling message to others who might consider engaging in similar advocacy. Reports of torture and mistreatment while in custody further exacerbate the situation, highlighting the brutal nature of the repression.
In more extreme cases, activists and social workers face violent attacks. These can range from physical assault to targeted killings. Such violence is intended to eliminate prominent voices of dissent and instil a broader sense of insecurity among those involved in activism. The lack of accountability for these attacks further emboldens perpetrators and undermines efforts to seek justice. Several high-profile cases illustrate the severe consequences faced by activists in these regions. For instance, in Gilgit-Baltistan, activists advocating for greater political autonomy have faced violent crackdowns. Similarly, in POK, social workers working on issues related to human rights and gender equality have been subject to harassment and arbitrary detention. One notable example is the case of activists from the Gilgit-Baltistan Human Rights Commission, who have reported being harassed and threatened by local authorities for their efforts to highlight human rights abuses. Similarly, in POK, political activists advocating for greater autonomy have faced legal and extra-legal measures aimed at silencing their voices.
The victimization of social workers and political activists has a profound impact on civil society in POK and Gilgit-Baltistan. The climate of fear and repression stifles free expression and discourages civic engagement. This not only hampers the work of activists but also weakens the broader democratic fabric of the region. Without a vibrant civil society, there is limited public discourse on critical issues such as governance, human rights, and social justice. This lack of dialogue perpetuates a cycle of repression and marginalization, making it difficult for meaningful reforms to take root. The international community has increasingly recognized the plight of social workers and political activists in POK and Gilgit-Baltistan. Human rights organizations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have condemned the repression and called for greater protection for those advocating for human rights and political change. International advocacy has focused on raising awareness about the situation and pressuring the Pakistani government to uphold its commitments to human rights and democratic principles. Efforts include lobbying for international scrutiny and support for local activists, as well as urging for reforms that ensure freedom of expression and protect those who speak out.
Addressing the victimization of social workers and political activists in POK and Gilgit-Baltistan presents several challenges. The entrenched nature of the political and security apparatus, coupled with the complex geopolitical context, complicates efforts to effect change. Activists operating in these regions often face significant risks, and their efforts to mobilize support can be met with resistance from powerful interests. Nevertheless, there are steps that can be taken to support those at the forefront of advocacy and reform. International pressure and support can play a crucial role in highlighting abuses and pushing for accountability. Additionally, building solidarity among activists and civil society organizations can help create a more robust network of support and advocacy. The victimization of social workers and political activists in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan is a serious human rights issue that undermines efforts for social change and democratic governance. The harassment, arbitrary detention, and violence faced by these individuals not only harm them personally but also weaken the broader civil society and democratic institutions.