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Over the past decade, India’s foreign policy has undergone a remarkable transformation, positioning the country as a key player in global affairs. Under the leadership of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has moved away from a cautious, non-aligned approach and adopted a more assertive and strategic engagement with the world.
India’s foreign policy has undergone significant changes since independence. For years, the country followed a non-alignment approach as it tried to balance relationships with superpowers while developing the economy internally. During the Cold War, India tried to stay neutral to both the U.S. and Soviet Union, and in subsequent years, the Indian government mainly concentrated on economic liberalization and the maintenance of stability in the region. However, since the BJP-led government came to power in 2014, India’s foreign policy has taken a more proactive and ambitious turn. Instead of a passive, reactive approach, India has embraced strategic partnerships, leveraged its economic potential, and expanded its influence in multilateral forums. Modi’s foreign policy doctrine has been characterized by the slogan “Neighborhood First, Act East, Think West”, signifying India’s commitment to strengthening ties with both regional and global players. With this new approach, India has built strong alliances, engaged in active diplomacy, and positioned itself as a rising power capable of shaping global narratives.
One of the most significant achievements of the BJP government has been India’s growing influence in global strategic alliances. The country has deepened its partnerships with major powers like the U.S., the European Union, Russia, and the Gulf countries while actively engaging with emerging economies in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia . Under the BJP, India has strengthened its relationship with the U.S. through defence agreements, economic partnerships, and multilateral cooperation. The signing of foundational defence pacts like COMCASA (Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement) and BECA (Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement) has deepened military collaboration. India’s participation in the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) alongside the U.S., Japan, and Australia has reinforced its position in the Indo-Pacific region. This alliance is crucial in countering China’s assertiveness and maintaining regional stability. Despite closer ties with the West, India has maintained its strategic relationship with Russia, as seen in the S-400 missile deal and ongoing energy cooperation. Moreover the BJP government has significantly improved relations with Gulf nations such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar, leading to enhanced trade, energy security, and strategic cooperation.
India’s approach to national security has become more assertive under the BJP. The government has demonstrated its willingness to take decisive action against cross-border threats while strengthening its defence infrastructure. In response to terrorist attacks, the Modi government conducted surgical strikes in 2016 and the Balakot airstrikes in 2019, signaling a shift from defensive posturing to proactive defence measures. The BJP government has taken a firm stance against Chinese incursions, particularly during the Galwan Valley clash in 2020. Infrastructure development along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and diplomatic engagement with global powers have reinforced India’s strategic position. Under Aatmanirbhar Bharat, India has focused on reducing defence imports and promoting indigenous defence production, leading to significant advancements in missile systems, fighter jets, and naval capabilities.
Economic diplomacy has been a cornerstone of India’s foreign policy under the BJP. The government has actively pursued trade agreements, encouraged foreign investments, and expanded India’s presence in global financial institutions. India’s leadership of the G20 in 2023 showcased its economic strength and diplomatic capabilities, positioning the country as a key voice in global economic affairs. India’s engagement with ASEAN nations has resulted in trade growth, while stronger diplomatic ties with Africa have led to increased investment in energy, infrastructure, and technology. India has signed or negotiated several FTAs with the UAE, Australia, and other key economies to boost trade and investment.
India has played a key role in global humanitarian efforts, reinforcing its reputation as a responsible global power. India’s COVID-19 vaccine diplomacy saw millions of doses supplied to developing countries, showcasing India’s leadership in global healthcare. India has actively provided disaster relief to nations affected by natural calamities, further cementing its role as a global humanitarian leader.
Despite these successes, India’s foreign policy under BJP has faced its share of challenges. The border standoff with China remains a major concern, with ongoing disputes over territory and trade. Diplomatic relations with Pakistan continue to be strained due to cross-border terrorism and political instability. India must navigate complex relationships with the U.S., Russia, and China without compromising its strategic autonomy. Some Western nations have raised concerns over internal policies related to human rights and religious freedoms, which could impact India’s global image
Looking at the bigger picture, India’s foreign policy under the BJP has been marked by confidence, pragmatism, and a willingness to embrace change. From strengthening alliances and boosting economic ties to enhancing security and cultural diplomacy, the country has made significant strides in asserting itself as a major global power. As the world becomes more interconnected and geopolitics more complex, India’s ability to navigate these challenges will determine its standing in the global order. What is clear, however, is that India is no longer a silent observer—it is an active participant in shaping the future of international relations.
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